Chest

Any cause of hypercalcemia, most commonly primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism , can cause metastatic calcifications and abnormal pulmonary uptake. Metastatic osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma , radiation pneumonitis, and rarely bronchogenic carcinoma may demonstrate increased uptake of bone tracers. Accumulation of Tc-99m diphosphonate is also seen in pleural effusions, usually malignant.

CHEST UPTAKE

• Alveolar microlitiasis 1^,2^,3^,4
• Artefact
• Aspergillosis
• Berylliosis
• Fibrothorax
• Hyperparathyroidism
  • primary 5
  • secondary 6^,7
• Hypercalcemia (ref) 8
• Hypervitaminosis D
• Idiopatic pulmonary ossification
• Infection (ref)9^,10
• Liver transplant
• Lung carcinoma 11^,12^,13
• Metastases 14
  • Osteosarcoma (ref)
  • Seminoma
• Mitral stenosis
• Neuroblastoma (ref)
• Pleural effusion (ref)
• Radiation therapy
• Sarcoidosis
• Tuberculosis

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• 2. [3842281] Garty I, Giladi N, Flatau E. "Bone scintigraphy in two siblings with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis." Br J Radiol. 1985;58:763-6.
• 3. [1868666] Padhy AK, Sharma SK, Vijayaraghavan M, Gopinath PG. "Role of bone scanning in pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. Report of two cases." Clin Nucl Med. 1991;16:458-60.
• 4. [6460583] Shigeno C, Fukunaga M, Morita R, Maeda H, Hino M, Torizuka K. "Bone scintigraphy in pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: a comparative study of radioactivity and density distribution." Clin Nucl Med. 1982;7:103-7.
• 5. [477167] Itoh K, Furudate M. "Diffuse lung uptake on bone imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism before and after excision of a parathyroid adenoma." Clin Nucl Med. 1979;4:382-3.
• 6. [428165] Valdez VA, Jacobstein JG, Perlmutter S, Brusman H. "Metastatic calcification in lungs and stomach demonstrated on bone scan in multiple myeloma." Clin Nucl Med. 1979;4:120-1.
• 7. [410253] Rosenthal DI, Chandler HL, Azizi F, Schneider PB. "Uptake of bone imaging agents by diffuse pulmonary metastatic calcification." AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1977;129:871-4.
• 8. [8000405] Toussirot E, Liote H, Lafforgue P, Acquaviva PC. "[Bone scintigraphy disclosing pulmonary hyperfixation in hypercalcemia]." Rev Rhum Ed Fr. 1994;61:60-2.
• 9. [7973760] Stokkel MP, Valdes Olmos RA, Hoefnagel CA. "Unexpected pulmonary uptake of [99mTc]MDP in a patient with bronchopneumonia." Semin Nucl Med. 1994;24:246-7.
• 10. [2245122] Goddard P, Bell J, Jackson P, Pitcher E, Bullimore JA, Davies ER. "Pulmonary uptake of MDP: demonstration of site by correlation of emission and transmission computed tomography." West Engl Med J. 1990;105:43-6.
• 11. [2155083] Antar MA, Mack JM, Spencer RP, Crotty JM. "Pulmonary tumor associated with diffuse bilateral lung uptake of bone imaging agent." Clin Nucl Med. 1990;15:46-7.
• 12. [477149] Curry SL. "Accumulation of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate in an adenocarcinoma of the lung." Clin Nucl Med. 1979;4:170-1.
• 13. [6247115] Que L, Wiseman J, Hales IB. "Small cell carcinoma of the lung: primary site and hepatic metastases both detected on Tc-99m-pyrophosphate bone scan." Clin Nucl Med. 1980;5:260-2.
• 14. [6217611] Scarpellini M, Trotti G, Tosi F, Branchini L. "Pulmonary localization of phosphate bone agents in a case of metastatic breast carcinoma." Tumori. 1982;68:413-6.